Friday, December 27, 2019

Summary of “International Student Adaptation to Academic Writing in Higher Education”

Adaptation to Academic Writing in Higher Education provides readers with ground-breaking and in depth insights into the complexities of the adjustment of international students to host institutions. The process of adaptation comes from the students’ intrinsic desire to succeed in their respective courses and the eventual participation in their disciplinary community. However, disparities arise in their internal negotiation in relation to what they really value in the writing requirements and the final writing patterns they adopt in composing their texts. The book takes a critical perspective on contemporary views of foreign students. It demonstrates that the students’ process of adaptation to academic practices seems to be a lot more complex than what current literature says. The literature says it is only dependent to language and cultural factors. Writing tends to be a crucial factor to the students’ adaptation. Adaptation to Academic Writing in Higher Education offers rich context for issues underpinning foreign students’ adaptation to academic writing practices in the new institution. It further addresses the analysis of how the international student addresses academic writing from an insider, or an academic point of view. Drawing on case studies from foreign students from Vietnam and China and lectures in Australian higher education, the book traces many unresolved issues pertaining international students’ cultural, linguistic, intellectual and personal persuasions. Adaptation to Academic Writing in Higher Education further reveals complex factors pegged to the adaptation of international students academic writing, including such critical aspects as communicating ideas in academic writing, displaying critical thinking, and transforming learning through negotiating academic writing. Coming to International Students and Distinctive Cultural Writing Traditions, the book delves deep into reviewing of the distinctive Vietnamese and Chinese writing traditions. The book reveals that research writing on contrastive rhetoric, across cultures and intercultural education, shows a great influence on the international students’ writing experiences by their distinctive writing traditions sculptured by their previous schooling experience in their home country. The book further reviews the key factors of the wider context which embodies forms the beliefs and principles underpinning Vietnamese and Chinese writing traditions. Different Approaches to ESL Academic Writing in Higher Education comes into consideration, in attempt to find out how seamlessly home country cultures of international students can dissolve and pave way to more comprehensive learning of ESL academic writing. There many more issues tackled including International Students’ Writing within the Institutional Context. This investigates the international students’ standing in writing within the disciplinary discourse community, and the nature of the students’ subjectivity and agency in academic writing. A notable contribution of this book is the structuring of a transdisciplinary which relies on a modified version of Lillis’ heuristic of talk around text and positioning theory for the interpretation of the perspective of international students’ and lecturers’ within the institutional structure. Handling all these cross-cultural barriers remain the unwavering focus of this book, making a significant attempt to bring up clear knowledge of how these differences influence the entire process of learning and cripples the nature of interaction between members of the academic fraternity.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Essay Mt480 Corporate Finance Unit 9 Project - 1159 Words

Student MT480-01: Corporate Finance Unit Nine: Assignment Date Assignment: Complete the following exercises and problems from the textbook. Some problems ask multiple questions; be sure to answer every part of the exercise or problem unless otherwise noted * Chapter 28: Practice Questions 2, 10, 11, and 13 * Chapter 34: Practice Questions 2, 3, and 7 Chapter 28: 2. Table 28.1 shows the 90-day forward rate on the South African rand. a. Is the dollar at a forward discount or premium on the rand? The dollar is selling at a forward premium on the rand. b. What is the annual percentage discount or premium? 4 x [(6.4662/6.5917) – 1] = -0.0762 = -7.62% c. If you have no other information about the two†¦show more content†¦Banks are not the only financial intermediary from which corporations can obtain financing. What are the other intermediaries? How much financing do they supply, relative to banks, in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan? The other financial intermediaries include insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. In Japan, banks provide more financing than other financial intermediaries do. In the U.K., other financial intermediaries provide substantially more financing. In the U.S., banks are less important sources of financing compared to financial intermediaries. While in Europe, financing provided by banks and financing provided by other financial intermediaries are approximately equal. 3. Why is transparency important in a market-based financial system? Why is it less important in a bank-based system? Transparency is essential in a market based system, but is not necessarily a requirement for a bank-based system. In a bank based system, banks have long-standing working relationships with the companies seeking financing, and banks have on-going access to information about the firm. In a market based system, creditors and equity-holders require that financial information about companies seeking financing be available, sufficiently detailed and accurate if they are to participate in the market. This information, including audited financial statements, allows participants in the market to make

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Strategic Management and Marketing

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management and Marketing. Answer: Introduction In order to successfully implement the desired marketing strategies to acquire a prominent position in the competitive global business market, the business organizations are increasing focus upon improving their strategic marketing management processes. In this essay, the strategic marketing analysis of Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited has been analyzed which seems to be the largest daily producer company of New Zealand. The vision, mission and strategy of this organization have also been described along with its position in the competitive market which is supported by the Porters five force analysis. Moreover, the related data of the vision, mission and strategy of Fonterra are also presented through a diagram in order to give a clear view about them. Research Vision, Mission, Strategy of Fonterra Vision and Mission The vision of Fonterra, as per the view of Chowdhury (2013), is to maintain their goodwill and brand image among their consumers by improving the quality of their dairy products. The natural source of milk of Fonterra tends to increase its reliability among its consumers all around the world (McFarlane, 2013). The main vision of this organization is to secure maximum profit amount by providing the best quality dairy products to its consumers. By sharing their authentic value, it tries to strengthen its brand image among its global consumers. According to David, David and David (2015), in 2014-2015, Fonterra is supposed to be the most trusted dairy nutrition source of the world. From the financial budget of 2015-16, it is observed that this organization has secured around NZ $ 18.02 billion revenue along with a profit rate of NZ $ 920 million. In 2016, it has market value of NZ $ 17 billion. By 2015, it aims to secure revenue of NZ $37 billion along with developing 32 billion liter milk pools in Australia, New Zealand, China, USA, Europe and Chile. This organization has regarded Latin America and Greater China as the two most prominent potential sources of cash flow (Fonterra.com, 2013). This organization aims to indulge in multi-hubs for which it has developed global partnerships and in seeding markets for which some countries are identified like Ethiopia, Myanmar, Iraq and Azerbaijan. In order to maintain the share in global dairy market, Fonterra mainly focuses upon four countries such as Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Chile and New Zealand, while it has selected China, Brazil, Indonesia and Australia, insofar as the securing revenue amount is concerned (Fonterra.com, 2013). Image: Diagram of the vision, mission and strategy of Fonterra (Source: Created by self) Strategy The main strategy of this organization seems to regard the price of the milk along with the return on capital insofar the market potentiality is concerned. In order to maintain their desired sales rate, this organization aims to improve their reputation among their consumers along with developing engagement with them (McFarlane, 2013). In 2015, this organization has taken V3 strategy which indicates to the increase of value, velocity and driving volume with the help of seven different strategic ways such as the increase of the milk sources in New Zealand, increase of the current position of its consumers through expansion, further development of Anlene business, increase of the foodservice potential, cautious investments in the milk pools, acquire prominent position in the maternal and child nutrition market and proper arrangement in the organization for the better implementation of these strategies (Fonterra.com, 2013). In order to properly execute their determined strategies, this organization aims to follow certain specific actions like proper allocation of the resources, the accurate identification of underperforming business centers, exact execution of their plans by improving their customer focused performance. By the proper distribution of the capital, this organization tries to ensure their potential to take new initiatives so that they can improve their production rate along with the quality of their product (Omotayo, 2015). On the other hand, the identification of underperforming dairy firms can minimize their chance for further financial loss. In this way, they aim to identify the reasons behind this failure and taken necessary action for solving this problem (Trivedi, 2013). By employing customer focused service, Fonterra tries to build a healthy relationship with its consumers so that they can regard their products foremost among the other dairy products. Analysis and Explanation of the Competition Level in the Market for Fonterra As per Ilieska (2013), Porters five force is one of the best marketing strategy with which the business organizations can effectively analyze their position in the competitive market. It also helps to identify the potentiality of Fonterra among other daily manufacturers of New Zealand namely United Dairy NZ Ltd, Taranaki Milk Products Ltd, Open Country Dairy Ltd etc. New Entrants From the viewpoint of Iyamabo and Otubanjo (2012), Fonterra is facing a threat about the emergence of new entrants in the competitive dairy market of New Zealand. Plenty of supply sources along with low purchase rate attract various other dairy manufacturers who only tend to indulge in export businesses. On the other hand, global dairy farms like Nestle etc also prefer low cost supplier country like New Zealand from where they can acquire sufficient amount of milk at cheap costs. Suppliers This organization seems to produce around 2.5 million tons dairy products with the help of around 17500 dairy farmers of New Zealand who are also the shareholders of this company (Khan Khalique, 2014). The trustworthy and strong sources of milk seem to be one of the strength of this organization from which almost 94% are exported all around the world to fulfill the huge demand for dairy products. This organization also ensures this huge supply at a lower rate by building a healthy relationship with the farmers (Kosan, 2014). Fonterra also tries to apply technologies at their dairy farms so that they can increase the production with which they can expand their business to their desired countries like China, India etc. In order to meet the high and growing demand of fresh dairy products, at the China branch of Fonterra, a pilot farm seems to be developed. It seems to have around 6200 cows among which almost 3256 are indoor kept with which this branch aims to produce double amount of m ilk than its present production (Fonterra.com, 2013). Buyers Due to the rapid changing food habits of the consumers, Fonterra is facing growing difficulty regarding the maintenance of the prices of its products. The system of demand and supply of dairy products also gets interrupted because of its consumers (Leeflang et al., 2014). In order to fight this obstacle, this organization has developed a new online selling website of its different dairy products like milk, butter, yoghurt etc where it can easily change the prices of its products in accordance with the changing demand and supply system. Substitutes During the present craze of health consciousness, consumers tend to opt for other substitutes for the natural milk products (Iyamabo and Otubanjo, 2012). The rapid growing illness like blood pressure, cholesterol etc, people aim to consumer low fat processed dairy products like goat milk, soya milk, power milk etc which seems to affect the immense demand and popularity of natural milk product (McFarlane, 2013). Due to this reason, the profit level of Fonterra seems to be get affected. Internal Rivalry In the recent competitive market, Fonterra faces threats not only from its competitors at its home country, New Zealand but also from its global competitors namely Kraft, Nestle etc because they are rapidly taking the major positions in the share market. Fonterra seems to be the merger of two giant dairy organizations of New Zealand such as Kiwi Co-operative Dairies and New Zealand Dairy group which strengths its marketing strategies and also increases its profit rate. However, it also faces trouble with the fast changing global marketing strategy with which they try hard to be accustomed (Skokan, Pawliczek Piszczur, 2013). On the contrary, in 2015, Fonterra aims to show its potential in the global market by acquiring two new businesses such as dairy dessert and yoghurt in Australia from one of its major competitor, Nestle as it faces difficulty to maintain its milk supply from the dairy farmers. Conclusion In this way, the strategic marketing management of Fonterra has been analyzed by vividly describing its vision, mission and strategy with which this organization aims to increase their daily production that can also cause a hike in the sales and profit rate of this organization. With the help of the specific diagram involving related data about the vision, mission and strategy of Fonterra helps to have better view on this subject. On the other hand, detailed Porters five force analysis also helps to have a better view about the competitive market position of this organization. Reference List Chowdhury, P. P. (2013). Key strategies and issues of positioning: A review of past studies.American Academic Scholarly Research Journal,5(1), 55 David, M. E., David, F. R., David, F. R. (2015). Mission statement theory and practice: A content analysis and new direction.International Journal of Business, Marketing Decision Science,7(1), 95-110 Fonterra.com, (2013), Fonterra, Available from: https://www3.fonterra.com/nz/en/about-us.html [Retrieved on 16 Feb, 2017] Ilieska, K. (2013). Customer Satisfaction Indexas a Base for Strategic Marketing Management.TEM JOURNAL,1(2), 327-331 Iyamabo, J., Otubanjo, O. (2012). A Three-component definition of strategic marketing Khan, M. W. J., Khalique, M. (2014). Strategic planning and reality of external environment of organizations in contemporary business environments Kosan, L. (2014). Accounting for Marketing: Marketing Performance Through Financial Results.International Review of Management and Marketing,4(4), 276 Leeflang, P. S., Verhoef, P. C., Dahlstrm, P., Freundt, T. (2014). Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era.European management journal,32(1), 1-12 McFarlane, D. A. (2013). The strategic importance of customer value.Atlantic Marketing Journal,2(1), 5 Omotayo, F. O. (2015). Knowledge Management as an important tool in Organisational Management: A Review of Literature.Library Philosophy and Practice, 1 Skokan, K., Pawliczek, A., Piszczur, R. (2013). Strategic planning and business performance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises.Journal of Competitiveness,5(4).p.550 Trivedi, J. Y. (2013). A Study on Marketing Strategies of Small and Medium sized Enterprises.Research Journal of Management Sciences ISSN,2319, 1171

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Gunpowder Invention and Its Impacts on the World

Introduction The world appeared in a different place before the invention of gunpowder. Living as an individual seemed beached before the discovery of gunpowder. The combat zones did not have any explosive projectiles, artillery, or cannons. The existence of these weapons after gunpowder discovery, however, came with several bottlenecks.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gunpowder Invention and Its Impacts on the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the changing factors such as altitude and wind, along with intense inaccuracy affected the use of these weapons. The black powder from gunpowder became enormous culpability on the decisive account of bullet progression. The initial discovery of gunpowder changed many things that happened around the world. According to Arrault and Catherin, the invention mostly affected battlefield approaches all over the world (p.45). The Chinese discovery t hat dates back to nearly one thousand years produced a very dangerous powder that contained a combination of Saltpeter, Sulfur, and Charcoal. This fueled massive and hefty explosions, which were apparent in pyrotechnic gadgets, firearms, rockets, and fireworks. In the present times, the production of gunpowder still goes on as a continuation of the works of the ancient alchemists from China. The Invention of gunpowder The major discovery of gunpowder appeared back in the 800 A.D. period. The Taoist alchemists from China who were seeking immortality (elixir) were the main propellers of this invention. Paradoxically, the invention of gunpowder was inadvertent. It resulted from the Chinese alchemists who were only investigating the uninterrupted life secrets. The researchers were merely engaging in the recreation of Potassium Nitrate (an oxidizing chemical), Carbon, and Sulfur before they realized such a big invention. Dating back to the middle of the ninth century, a scientist in the medical field came up with an idea to merge charcoal and sulfur with saltpeter. The product of this combination was extremely mysterious. For instance, the resultant powder produced dangerous flames and smokes. Besides, the powder scorched the experimental quarters and destroyed the faces and hands of the researchers (Needham 35).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The invention of firearms in the fiscal 1100 years, therefore, resulted from gunpowder development that occurred in the previous centuries. The Chinese researchers sourced funds from the empire of Han, specifically from Emperor Di Wu. The components of gunpowder included carbon, sulfur, and potassium nitrate. The chemical composition entailed fifteen percent of Carbon, ten percent of Sulfur, and seventy-five percent of Potassium Nitrate. Studies suggest that both the Western and Eastern world nations considerably experi enced divergent impacts from the inventions of gunpowder. The economic developments in many nations came due to the gunpowder revolution. The significance of gunpowder triggers to date owing to its relevance during the middle ages (Temple 41). On the other hand, the production of gunpowder never came on a silver platter. The inventors could only access some of the ingredients for making gunpowder from imports. The acquisition of Saltpeter took place in India and Italy, whereas volcanoes apparent in Sicily and Italy produced Sulfur (Brimstone). Moreover, Carbon came in the form of charcoal obtained from power mills found within Chinese locality. The production of one tone of gunpowder necessitated a quantity of two tones of charcoal. However, the process of producing gunpowder involved many steps. These included grounding, integration, incorporation, break down and pressing. Other processes encompassed corning, powdering, glazing, aeration, and testing (Arrault and Catherin 51). Cons iderably, the violation of any step under this process meant that the production would be a fault. During the process of preparation, the alchemists sifted and grounded sulfur and charcoal to purify it. However, Saltpeter from the factory could be directly utilized given that it was free from foreign objects. The use of horse-driven refineries to produce gunpowder was evident until the nineteenth century. The researchers then used a rotating drum to mix the ingredients in the required proportion. They added small quantities of water to the mixture. During the incorporation stage, they used water wheel or horsepower to merge the mixture, and this differed from the initial use of a motor and pestle. The British Incorporation Mills used during the eighteenth century came into existence in the seventeenth century. Nonetheless, the use of the system engine substituted the horse and water coerced mills in the nineteenth century (Needham 37). The fourth stage entailed the breakdown of mill cake to form meal powder using severing machines and sledgehammers. Subsequently, the hard-press cake was made from compacting and pressing the meal powder. To produce a reliable invention, the researchers introduced corning in the 6th century. The breaking of press cakes passed through different cycles of smooth breakers that are fluted and jagged to produce corns of different sizes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gunpowder Invention and Its Impacts on the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dusting afterward took place as researchers removed any dust that remained in the process and returned it in the system. Graphite and black lead assisted in polishing and tumbling gunpowder pellets to amplify moisture resistance. In the penultimate stage, the grains were dried up to one degree of water content by exposing them to ovens having the heat of forty-degree centigrade. Lastly, cannons and mortars used for firing were employed to test the consistency and quality of the produced gunpowder (Temple 42). How gunpowder invention changed the world The invention was important to all-inclusive existence and developments in the whole world. The invention of gunpowder changed the entire world in terms of civil unrest, uprisings, warfare, as well as science and technology. The invention of gunpowder was a confirmation of the first explosive substance that existed. However, before this invention, the combination of such chemicals produced a smolder used during spiritual functions and sanitation for the Chinese. During the 7th century, fumigants were used in community structures and homesteads. Specifically, the fumigants helped in exonerating destructive insects and evil spirits. The fireworks in public celebrations came from a flammable mixture of chemicals. After alchemists discovered that a combination of dried organic matter, potassium nitrate, and sulfur produced highly combustible powder, they started testing them. The proto-gunpowder produced unintended ignitions in the ninth century to destroy property and render injuries to several people. The Huo Yao became prevalent in the 10th century as explosive gunpowder. The Chinese overwhelmingly applied the gunpowder during warfare. Nonetheless, many nations misconceived that the Chinese used gunpowder for firecrackers at the outset. In the fiscal 919, the flamethrowers utilized gunpowder in the ignition. The Sung reigning dynasty afterward placed gunpowder into use while fighting their rivals like the Mongols. The combatants exploited the gunpowder by propelling and hand throwing the new fangled armaments such as grenades and bombs to their adversaries (Needham 39). In fiscal 1044, the scientists initiated the formulae for producing gunpowder. Weak explosions resulted from these formulas. Nevertheless, the extent of the explosion became extremely high two centuries later when the amount of potassium nitrate was increased in that content. The gunpowder used in primeval rockets became an important element during the onset of the 11th century.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In essence, the blazing arrow was propelled to target the opponent by the blast-off gunpowder. The soldiers attached gunpowder filled-bamboo cylinders before shooting them to the opponents during the war. Similarly, for use as flamethrowers, bamboo pipes filled with gunpowder were attached to the lancers. The dangerous tactic changed the way of approaching a scuffle by combatants. The changes saw different battle tactics between Jin Tears and Chinese Song. The militants amalgamated gunpowder with wrecked proclaims and metal scraps to generate more dangerous explosives. These dangerous projectiles provided an imperative function during the war that lasted between the 11th and 12th centuries. According to various researchers, the invention of gun resulted from the devised bamboo tubes. Today, gun use is on high-rise and is believed to have risen from the development of Chinese gadgets like pyrotechnics. After the advent of atomic bombs, it is sarcastic that the discovery of dangerous gunpowder was as an expedition for immortality. On the other hand, the discovery of gunpowder has changed the system of drawing boundaries as well as the modes of battling during warfare. The Chinese alchemist’s (800 A.D) life facilitated the experimentation that led to the invention of gunpowder. This has transformed the world into many expenses. Approximately, every weapon and tool brought into play in the contemporary world has a foundation in gunpowder invention. These may include both the current and earlier exploited weapons like bombs, grenades, riffles, and fiery arrows. Therefore, many nations have benefited a lot in the battle, owing to the invention of gunpowder. For example, the Chinese successfully fought the Mongols due to the psychological niche they gained from the invention of explosive devices. In anticipation of the thirteenth century, gunpowder was the only leading source of weapon used in battles by the Chinese. The invention developed into a factor to de cide the encounters that transpired between nations since gunpowder widespread had reached several Islamic and European countries. During the Hundred Years War, the use of gunpowder technology was evident in many states. The French and English forces, for instance, in the fiscal 1350 employed elementary cannons made using gunpowder. Such nations used these new technological changes in gunpowder against their opponents. During the year 1453 triumphant cordon of the Constantinople, cannons of gunpowder were the major weapons used by the Turks of Ottoman. Thus, the entire European walled reinforcement became vulnerable, feeble, and impregnable due to the fundamental discovery of the powerful and new-fangled gunpowder. The insertion of gunpowder into handgun containers marked another revolution. The significant revolution appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. The insertion was vital since cannons were essentially reduced into smaller sizes that could be transported easily. Th e inventions of gunpowder led to infantry, which is a category of fresh armed forces. This denoted that soldiers could personally own guns and keep them in their custody. In due course, calls for fresh commands gave rise to the birth of the contemporary defense force all over the world. Although gunpowder is not the main volatile device that soldiers can utilize, it is an important tool. A good part of the modern weaponry such as guns found their foundation staged in the discovery of gunpowder. In a real sense, gunpowder has staged a good platform for any nation or states that wish to rejoice triumph in any skirmish. Were it not for the invention of gunpowder; the occasional July 4 merriment could have had no firecrackers hearts. In the present world, gunpowder is used for making diverse gadgets like fireworks that make the occasion more colorful. The pyrotechnics of placing gunpowder into small tubes sparkles and create fireworks tend to shape through miniature pellets along with c olorizing chemicals. Further, the invention facilitated the production of mid-air sprays of different colors such as sapphire, golden, and reds in ceremonies engaging fireworks. The other world nations have once come up with gunpowder assortments from different discoveries, innovations, and modifications. The enormous developments akin to the use of black powder by the European countries resulted from the discovery of gunpowder. All the same, great divergences arose between different persons who assumed the compliments of inventing black powder from major gunpowder discovery. Several individuals asserted that Schwarz Berthold was the originator of black powder while others supposed it was a Franciscan cleric (Bacon Rodger). Many claims that the first gun was an invention from Berthold Black, who was an alchemist. The history relaying the whereabouts of these alchemists such as the period of invention, death, or birth, however, remains uncertain. In essence, the developments at comba t zones were not only the involvement of gunpowder invention in the evolution of China and the rest of the world (Paradowski 59). The entire world has benefited from this discovery. Certainly, gunpowder has helped the human race to perk up besides creating and innovating fresh uses of gunpowder. The invention has dictated the course of action for diverse incidents in both peace and struggle. Several countries around the world have been able to turn their places to be more secure than it was in the earlier days. This discovery has also rendered a comfortable civilization with many nations building canals that in turn transform the arid region into flourishing green meadows. The creative and innovate uses of gunpowder has fostered the ease of tunneling and mining in many nations. Seemingly, this has made the world a better place to live, given that it is a safer and secure place all over (Dawson 75). The discovery of gunpowder mainly changed the world as evidently seen in warfare and its consequences. As early as the fourteenth century, gunpowder was a solitary invention out of the four key discoveries in China. The ancient world warfare embraced the knowledge of using gunpowder for based on its rapid widespread. In history, gunpowder has an influence that has never been quantified. The archers were the primal striking force that was used by the earlier combatants (Ling 160). Consequently, the war in the previous world was an affair of every person before the invention of gunpowder. The archers could strike at an average of one hundred yards in the distance with the highest affectivity and accuracy. Some archers could shoot even further than one hundred yards. In several countries, the castles, cities, and towns erected barriers to bombard the weighty automatic machines, projectiles, and trebuchets. Conversely, the erection of physical barrier changed with the invention of gunpowder. The reach of firefighters and musketeers became superior as compared to the arc hers. Likewise, the Musketeers and riflemen had excellent and superior time to train with a lot of ease. All over the world, the piercing of armor for the best plate became palpable through rapid step up of gun smoldering. Additionally, in the battlegrounds, it was easier to safeguard and enchant the lance since soldiers had embraced gunpowder as a vital tool. Countries brought to an end the over-reliance on undersized Territorial Army that was complemented by taxes. Instead, many nations adopted the pursuit of equipping and fielding numerous men owing to the improvement in the Information Technology sector that resulted from the invention of gunpowder (Paradowski 62). The enrichment of weaponry rendered the fortified city walls outdated. The main idea was to look at how to fit a country was in terms of how its armaments and cannons could transmit firepower. Equally, gunpowder facilitated the fortification of many constructions in diverse cities around the world. To justify the expe nditure, weaponry prevailed in the contest given that enough could not be placed in the construction of city walls. It was noteworthy since it encouraged the spread out in most urban areas (Dawson 72). The European territories, which are some of the worlds most sprawling realms rose due to the invention of gunpowder. The firearm technology enabled the European nations to curl up other world continents to be their spheres of authority through different penetrations enhanced by gunpowder know-how. The independence of several nations got a blow from the fact that they had an underprivileged technology regarding the use of guns. This rendered them less advantageous in comparison with European nations that colonized them after embracing the technology of using firearms. Interestingly, countries such as Japan and China were the only nations that never experienced such harsh wraths. The colonization of nations such as South America was much unproblematic since they were unsettled (Ling 160 ). Any person could use a gun to meet his/her day-to-day life expectancies, including hunting for furs and food. The settlers in the community could easily defend themselves from very small groups that raided them over and above the marauders. The world settlers struck out using guns to claim their land rights. This brought about the springs of American independence along with spearheading speedy colonialism. Conclusion In anticipation of the discovery of gunpowder, the prevalent browbeat typically won the struggle. Indeed, before the invention of western six-shooter handguns, gunpowder played a very important role in the entire world. The discovery of gunpowder brought the medieval era to an end. The complete communal structure of various world nations that shifted to cities and towns turned out to be extremely influential. In this regard, Knight never ruled the theatre of wars anymore. The developments of artillery enabled the defiance of tyrant emperors and lords with the appeara nce of mass rookie defense forces. In the main, the invention of gunpowder changed the world a great deal as evident in the field of engineering, mathematics, research, and all aspects of life. Surely, the great improvements came with the discovery of gunpowder. The advent of gunpowder came when the entire world had craved for such a valuable innovation. Works Cited Arrault, Alain and Catherin Jami. Science and Technology in East Asia: The Legacy of Joseph Needham. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepoplis, 2001. Print. Dawson, Raymond. The Legacy of China. Boston: Cheng and Tsui Press, 1990. Print. Ling, Wang. â€Å"The Invention and Use of Gunpowder and Firearms in China.† Isis, 37.5 (1947): 160. Print. Needham, Joseph. Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic Part 7 in Chemistry and Chemical Technology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Print. Paradowski, Robert. Great Events from History: The middle Ages and the Invention of Gunpowder and Guns. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, Inc, 2004. Print. Temple, Robert. The Genius of China: Three Thousand Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention 1986 Reprint. New York: Prion Books, 1999. Print. This research paper on The Gunpowder Invention and Its Impacts on the World was written and submitted by user St0rm to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.